Ronald Reagan

Ronald Reagan

6. veebruar 1911 (115 aastat), Tampico, Illinois, USA

Ronald Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981–1989), the 33rd Governor of California (1967–1975) and prior to that an actor. Upon his college graduation, Reagan first moved to Iowa to work as a radio broadcaster and then in 1937 to Los Angeles, California. He began a career as an actor appearing in over fifty movie productions. Some of his most notable roles are in Knute Rockne, All American and Kings Row. Reagan served as president of the Screen Actors Guild, and later spokesman for General Electric. His start in politics occurred during his work for General Electric. Originally a member of the Democratic Party, he switched to the Republican Party in 1962. After supporting of Barry Goldwater's presidential candidacy in 1964, he was persuaded to seek the California governorship, winning two years later and again in 1970. He was defeated in his run for the Republican presidential nomination in 1968 as well as 1976, but defeated incumbent Jimmy Carter in 1980 presidential election. Reagan left office in 1989. In 1994, the former president disclosed that he had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease earlier in the year. He died ten years later at the age of 93.

Tuntud rollide järgi

The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson plakat

The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson

1962

The Mike Douglas Show plakat

The Mike Douglas Show

1961

Frontline plakat

Frontline

1983

Great Performances plakat

Great Performances

1971

Snowfall plakat

Snowfall

2017

Narcos

2015

American Experience plakat

American Experience

1988

Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theatre plakat

Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theatre

1956

World in Action plakat

World in Action

1963

The Dick Cavett Show plakat

The Dick Cavett Show

1968

American Playhouse plakat

American Playhouse

1982

The Carol Burnett Show plakat

The Carol Burnett Show

1967

Filmograafia

2026The Unelected Statesman (Self (archive footage))
2026Spartamerika (Self (archive footage))
2025Breakdown: 1975 (Self - Former Governor of California (archive footage))
2025Clearing the Air: The War on Smog (Self)
2025AUM: The Cult at the End of the World (Self (archive footage))
2025Sally (Self (archive footage))
2024Why Trump? (Self (archive footage))
2024The White House Effect (Self (archive footage))
2024Hinckley (Self (archive footage))
2024America's Woman (Self)
2024Duels of History
2024Bruce Springsteen, le chanteur qui murmurait à l'oreille de l'Amérique (Self : USA President (Archive footage))
2024Ronald Reagan's Speech at Normandy
2024Reagan: Portrait of a Presidency (Self (archive footage))
2024Outstanding: A Comedy Revolution (Self (archive footage) (uncredited))
2024Mahdi Amel in Gaza: On the Colonial Mode of Production (Self (archive footage))
2023The Great Heisman Race of 1997 (Self (archive footage))
2023Kennedy, Sinatra and the Mafia (Self (archive footage))
2023Vier Brüder, fünf Schwestern – Die Kennedys (Self - Politician (archive footage))
2023Gazprom - Die perfekte Waffe (Self (archive footage))
2022Bandit (Self (archive footage))
2022Riotsville, USA (Self (archive footage))
2022Untold: Caitlyn Jenner (Self - (archive footage))
2022Prelúdio (Self (archive footage))
2022Freddie Mercury: The Final Act (Self (archive footage))
2022Chernobyl: The Lost Tapes (Self (archive footage))
2021Колите, с които нахлухме в капитализма (Self (archive footage))
2021The Eyes of Tammy Faye (Self (archive Footage))
2021Tueur, trader et psychopathe : l'Amérique de Bret Easton Ellis (Self - Politician (archive footage))
2021Mondo Hollywoodland (Self (archive footage))
2021The New Air Force One: Flying Fortress (Self (archive footage))
2021Crack: Cocaine, Corruption & Conspiracy (Self (archive footage))
2020Jealous Guy: The Assassination of John Lennon (Self (archive footage))
2020Zappa (Self (archive footage))
2020Television Event (Self (archive footage))
2020The Soul of America (Self (archive footage))
2020The Plot Against the President (Self (archive footage))
2020Ronald Reagan: His Winning Wit (Self (archive footage))
2020FACE OF FIRE ((voice))
2020The Way I See It (Self (archive footage))
2020Jimmy Carter: Rock & Roll President (Self (archive footage))
2020John Lewis: Good Trouble (Self (archive Footage))
2020East Lake Meadows: A Public Housing Story (Self (archive footage))
2020Erzfreunde - Trump und Putin (Self - Politician (archive footage))
2020Public Trust (Self (archive footage))
2019Laboratory Greece (Self (archive footage))
2019Margaret Atwood: A Word After a Word After a Word Is Power (Self - Politician (archive footage))
2019Bully. Coward. Victim. The Story of Roy Cohn (Self (archive footage))
2019Where's My Roy Cohn? (Self (archive footage))
2019Manson: Music from an Unsound Mind (Self (archive footage))
2019Killing Patient Zero (Self (archive footage))
2019Mike Wallace Is Here (Self (archive footage))
2019Sid & Judy (Self (archive footage))
2019Woodstock (Self)
2019The Era of Neoliberalism (Self (archive footage))
2018Vice (Self (archival footage) (uncredited))
2018ReMastered: Who Shot the Sheriff (Self (archive footage))
2018Reversing Roe (Self (archive footage))
2018קינג ביבי (Self (archive footage))
2018Studio 54 (Self (archive footage))
2018The Road to Mass Incarceration (Self (archive footage))
2018Beirut (Self (archive footage) (uncredited))
2018¡Las Sandinistas! (Self (archive footage))
2018Hollywood: No Sex, Please!
2017Der Reichstag (Self (archive footage))
2017Chasing a Dream: Out of the Shadows (Self - Archived Footage)
2017American Made (Self (archive footage) (uncredited))
2017Plahvatuslik blond (Self (archive footage) (uncredited))
2017Get Me Roger Stone (Self (archive footage))
2016Shadow World (Self - Politician (archive footage))
201613th (Self (archive footage))
2016How to Win the US Presidency (Self (archive footage))
2016Zero Days (Self (archive footage))
2016Business of Disaster (Self - US President (archive footage))
2016The Occupation of the American Mind (Self (archive footage))
2015The Making of Trump (Self (archive footage))
2015The Emperor's New Clothes (Self (archive footage))
2015Uncovering Wolfen (Self (archive footage))
2015Laissez-faire (Self (archive footage))
2015Bitter Lake (Self (archive footage))
2014Unwarranted Influence
2013JFK Remembered: 50 Years Later (Self (archive footage))
2013Night of the Sea Monkey (Self (archive footage))
2013Koch (Self (archive footage) (uncredited))
2013Classic Movie Bloopers: Uncensored (Self (archive footage))
2013Our Nixon (Self (archive footage))
2013The World According to Dick Cheney (Self (archive footage))
2013לפני המהפכה (Self (archive footage))
2012The Untold History Of The United States (Self (archive footage))
2012The House I Live In (Self (archive footage) (uncredited))
2012The Party Of Reagan (Self (archive footage))
2012Palme (Self (archive footage))
2012Free Angela and All Political Prisoners (Self (archive footage))
2012미국의 바람과 불 (Self (archive footage))
2011The Man Nobody Knew: In Search of My Father, CIA Spymaster William Colby (Self (archive footage))
2011Quebrando o Tabu (Self (archive footage))
2011Reagan (Self (archive footage))
2011Reagan (Self (archive footage))
2011Ronald Reagan: An American Journey (Self (archive footage))
2010Beyond the Black Rainbow (Self (archive footage))
2010Secret Origin: The Story of DC Comics (Self (archive footage))
20102Everything2Terrible2: Tokyo Drift ((archive footage))
2010How to Win the TV Debate (Self (archive footage))
2009Capitalism: A Love Story (Self (archive footage))
2009Outrage (Self (archive footage))
2009Looking Back to the Future (Self (archive footage))
2008Milk (Self (archive footage))
2008Thank You, Mr. President: Helen Thomas at the White House (Self (archive footage))
2008Dennis O'Rourke on Dennis O'Rourke (Self (archive footage))
2008Blood and Oil (Self (archive footage))
2008Bigger Stronger Faster* (Self (archive footage))
2008You Must Remember This: The Warner Bros. Story (Self (archive footage))
2008La Coupe Stanley à Montréal en 1993 (Self (archive footage))
2007Heckler (Self)
2007The War on Democracy (Self (Archive Footage))
2007Sputnik Mania (Self (archive footage))
2007Hammer & Tickle (Self (archive footage))
2006...So Goes the Nation (Self (archive footage))
2006Best Ever Spitting Image (Self (archive footage))
2006An Inconvenient Truth (Self (archive footage))
2006The Sentinel (Self (archive footage) (uncredited))
2005The Found Footage Festival Volume 1: Live in Brooklyn (Self (archive footage))
2005Dan Aykroyd Unplugged On UFOs (Self (archive footage))
2004President Ronald Reagan: The Great Speeches (Self)
2004Stand-up Reagan (Self (archive footage))
2004Outfoxed: Rupert Murdoch's War on Journalism (Self (archive footage))
2004Remembering Reagan at His Ranch (Self (archive footage))
2004Salute to Reagan - A President's Greatest Moments (Self)
2004Ronald Reagan: The Great Communicator (Self (Archive footage))
2004Strip Search (self (archive footage))
2004The UFO Conspiracy (Self – UFO Witness (archive sound))
2004With God on Our Side: George W. Bush and the Rise of the Religious Right in America (Self)
2004Ronald Reagan: The Great Speeches (self)
2003Chaplin Today: Monsieur Verdoux (Self (archive footage))
2003101 Most Shocking Moments in Entertainment (Self (archive footage))
2003Hell's Highway: The True Story of Highway Safety Films (Self (archive footage))
2002Naqoyqatsi (Self (archive footage) (uncredited))
2002Afganistan: Land in Crisis (Self (archive))
2002The Cockettes (Self (archive footage))
2002Monday Night Mayhem (Self (archive footage))
2001Ronald Reagan: The Hollywood Years, the Presidential Years (Self (archive footage))
2000Ameerika psühho (Self (archive footage) (uncredited))
1999Grass (Self (archive footage))
1999According to Occam's Razor
1998Secrets of the CIA (Self (archive footage))
1997Barbara Stanwyck: Straight Down the Line (Self (archive footage))
1997Sports on the Silver Screen (Self (archive footage))
1997Herbert's Hippopotamus: Marcuse and Revolution in Paradise (Self (archive footage))
1996Political Decadence (Self (archive footage))
1996Independence Day: The ID4 Invasion (Self (archive footage))
1996All Power to the People! (Self (archive footage))
1996Soviet Union: The Rise and Fall - Part 2 (Self (archive footage))
1994Shanks for the Memory
1994A Time For Choosing (Self)
1992Post No Bills
1992Murderers, Mobsters, & Madmen: Volume 2: Assassination in the 20th Century
1991Are We Alone In the Universe? (Self (archive footage))
1991Armageddon: The Future of the Planet is at Stake (Self (archive footage))
1991Air Force One: The Planes and the Presidents (Self)
1990Disneyland's 35th Anniversary Celebration (Self)
1989Common Threads: Stories from the Quilt (Self (archive footage))
1989Roger & Me (Self (archive footage))
1988The Choice (Self)
1988Cary Grant: A Celebration of a Leading Man (Self (archive footage))
1988Praise the Lord (Self)
1988Thy Kingdom Come ... Thy Will Be Done (Self - American President (archive footage))
1987Hollywood Uncensored (Self (archive footage))
1987Der springende Punkt
1987Resan (Self)
1986Destination Nicaragua (Self (archive footage))
1986Kraft Salutes the George Burns 90th Birthday Special (Self)
1985America, You're Too Young to Die (Self)
1985Backstage at the White House (Self (archive footage))
1985Acts of Violence
1985Hollywood's Funniest All-Star Bloopers (Self (archive footage))
1984Тревога. Раздумья старого человека (Self (archive footage))
1983The Four Corners: A National Sacrifice Area? (Self (archive footage))
1983James Bond: The First 21 Years (Self)
1983Hollywood Out-takes and Rare Footage (Self (archive footage) (uncredited))
1983EPCOT Center: A Souvenir Program (Self (archive footage))
1982Showbiz Goes to War ((archive footage))
1982Let Poland Be Poland (Self)
1982Oops, Those Hollywood Bloopers! (Self (archive footage))
1980The Sensational Shocking Wonderful Wacky 70's (Self (archive footage))
1971Cold Turkey (Self (archive footage))
1970Hollywood Blue ((archive footage))
1968Head (Self (archive footage) (uncredited))
1968Autumn and Cardboard (Self)
1967Mondo Hollywood
1966The Victory Squad (Self)
1964The Killers (Jack Browning)
1962The Hold-Out (Narrator)
1962The Truth About Communism
1961Who Killed Julie Greer? (Rex Kent)
1961The Young Doctors (Narrator (voice))
1957Hellcats of the Navy (Cmdr. Casey Abbott (Captain, USS Starfish))
1956A Child is Born: A Christmas Story Presented by Ronald Reagan (Narrator)
1956The Dangerous Drugs (Narrator)
1955Tennessee's Partner (Cowpoke)
1954The Dark, Dark Hours (Joe)
1954Cattle Queen of Montana (Farrell)
1954The Road to Edinburgh (Host)
1954Prisoner of War (Webb Sloane)
1953Law and Order (Frame Johnson)
1953The Other Wise Man (Narrator)
1953Tropic Zone (Dan McCloud)
1952She's Working Her Way Through College (John Palmer)
1952The Winning Team (Grover Cleveland Alexander)
1952Hong Kong (Jeff Williams)
1951The Big Truth (Self - Host)
1951Bedtime for Bonzo (Professor Peter Boyd)
1951The Last Outpost (Capt. Vance Britten)
1951Storm Warning (Burt Rainey)
1950Louisa (Hal Norton)
1949The Hasty Heart (Yank)
1949It's a Great Feeling (Ronald Reagan (uncredited))
1949The Girl from Jones Beach (Bob Randolph - Robert Benerik)
1949Night Unto Night (John Galen)
1949John Loves Mary (John Lawrence)
1947The Voice of the Turtle (Sergeant Bill Page)
1947That Hagen Girl (Tom Bates)
1947So You Want to Be in Pictures (Self (uncredited))
1945The Stilwell Road (Narrator)
1945The Fight for the Sky (Narrator (voice))
1943This Is the Army (Johnny Jones)
1943The Rear Gunner (Lt. Ames)
1943Recognition of the Japanese Zero Fighter (Jimmy Saunders)
1942Breakdowns of 1942 (Self)
1942Beyond the Line of Duty (Narrator (voice))
1942Desperate Journey (Flight Officer Johnny Hammond)
1942Juke Girl (Steve Talbot)
1942Kings Row (Drake McHugh)
1941Breakdowns of 1941 (Self (archive footage) (uncredited))
1941Nine Lives Are Not Enough (Matt Sawyer)
1941Million Dollar Baby (Peter Rowan)
1941The Bad Man (Gil Jones)
1940Santa Fe Trail (George Custer)
1940Tugboat Annie Sails Again (Eddie Kent)
1940Knute Rockne All American (George Gipp)
1940Murder in the Air (Brass Bancroft)
1940An Angel from Texas (Marty Allen)
1940Alice in Movieland (Carlo's Guest (uncredited))
1940Brother Rat and a Baby (Dan Crawford)
1939Smashing the Money Ring (Lt. Brass Bancroft)
1939Sword Fishing (Narrator (voice))
1939Angels Wash Their Faces (Patrick "Pat" Remson)
1939Hell's Kitchen (Jim Donahue)
1939Naughty but Nice (Eddie)
1939Code of the Secret Service (Brass Bancroft)
1939Dark Victory (Alec)
1939Secret Service of the Air (Lt. 'Brass' Bancroft)
1938Going Places (Jack Withering)
1938Brother Rat (Dan Crawford)
1938Girls on Probation (Neil Dillon)
1938Boy Meets Girl (Announcer)
1938The Amazing Dr. Clitterhouse (Radio Announcer (voice) (uncredited))
1938Cowboy from Brooklyn (Pat Dunn)
1938Accidents Will Happen (Eric Gregg)
1938Hollywood Hotel (Radio Host at Premiere (uncredited))
1938Swing Your Lady (Jack Miller)
1938Sergeant Murphy (Pvt. Dennis Reilley)
-Firing Line with William F. Buckley Jr: Ronald Reagan (Self)
2019L'Homme a mangé la Terre (Self (archive footage))
2019Hesburgh (Self (archive footage))
2018The Corporate Coup D'État (Self (archive footage) (uncredited))
2018Above Majestic (Self (archive footage))
2018Game Changers (Self (archive footage))
2017This Is Bob Hope... (Self (archive footage))
2017The Arrow of Time (Self (archive footage))
2017Silk Road: Drugs, Death and the Dark Web (Self (archive footage))
2017The Reagan Show (Self (archive footage))
2016HyperNormalisation (Self (archive footage))
2016The Billboard Boys (Self (archive footage))
2015Geheimauftrag Pontifex – Der Vatikan im Kalten Krieg (Self (archive footage))
2015All Eyes and Ears (Self (archive footage))
2013The Presidents' Gatekeepers (Self (archive footage))
2012A Night at the Movies: Hollywood Goes to Washington (Self (archive footage))
201241 (Self (archive footage))
2011The Undefeated (Self - President of the United States (archive footage))
2010Nancy Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime (Self (archive footage))
2009Disko ja tuumasõda (Self (archive footage))
2008All the Presidents' Wives (Self (archive footage))
2005Ronald Reagan: An American President (Self)
1999Presidential Bloopers (Self (archive footage))
1998Reagan (Self (archive footage))
1997Frank Capra's American Dream (Self (archive footage))
1996Inside the White House (Self (archive footage))
1991Barbara Stanwyck: Fire and Desire (Self (archive footage))
1990Superstar: The Life and Times of Andy Warhol (Self (archive footage) (uncredited))
1990Myrna Loy: So Nice to Come Home To ((archive footage))
1990Die Aids-Trilogie: Positiv – Die Antwort schwuler Männer in New York auf AIDS (Self)
1987James Stewart: A Wonderful Life (Self)
1986Rockin' Ronnie (Self (archive footage))
198443/84: 1984 (Self)
1983Ronald Reagan and Richard Nixon on Camera (Self (archive footage))
1976It's Showtime (Self (archive footage))
1955Disneyland's Opening Day Broadcast
1947Blow-Ups of 1947 (Self)
1947Stallion Road (Larry Hanrahan)
1946Blow-Ups of 1946 (Self)
1945Wings for This Man (Narrator (voice))
1945Target Tokyo (Narrator)
1944Recognition of the CG-4A Glider (Narrator (voice))
1944B-29 Flight Engineer (Narrator / Voice of Pilot (voice))
1944Operation of the Glider Pick-Up by the C-47 (Narrator (voice))
1944Air Siege (Narrator (voice))
1944Fighter Combat Formation: Attacks and Escorts (Captain)
1943For God and Country (Michael O'Keefe)
1943Cadet Classification
1942Mr. Gardenia Jones (Gardenia Jones)
1942Shoot Yourself Some Golf (Self)
1941International Squadron (Jimmy Grant)
1940Breakdowns of 1940 (Self)
1939Breakdowns of 1939 (Self)
1938Breakdowns of 1938 (Ronald (archive footage) (uncredited))
1937Love Is on the Air (Andy McCaine)
-And One Was Loyal (Host)
-Attack on the Americas (Himself)
2026Them (Self (archival footage) (uncredited))
2026America, who are you? Eine Mentalitätsgeschichte der USA (Self (archive footage))
2026Soccer's American Dream (Self (archive footage))
2026Chernobyl: Inside the Meltdown (Self (archive footage))
2026Dynasty: The Murdochs (Self (archive footage))
2026Disneyland Handcrafted (Self (archive footage))
2025Titanic: Secrets of the Shipwreck (Self (archive footage))
2025Amérique Latine, un continent sous influences
2025Henry Fonda for President (Self (archive footage))
2024Becoming Madonna (Self (archive footage))
2024Corridors of Power: Should America Police the World? (Self (archive footage))
2024Walt Disney: Behind the Magic (Self (archive footage))
2024Turning Point: The Bomb and the Cold War (Self (archive footage))
2023Lockerbie (Self (archive footage))
2023Superpowered: The DC Story (Self (archive footage))
2023Commitment to Life (Self (archive footage))
2023세 개의 전쟁 (Self (archive footage))
2021Fiasco (Self (archive footage))
2021Turning Point: 9/11 and the War on Terror (Self (archive footage))
2021This Is Pop (Self (archive footage))
2020Histoire bruyante de la jeunesse (1949-2020) (Self (archive footage))
2020The Reagans (Self (archive footage))
2020Charlie Chaplin, le génie de la liberté (archive footage)
2020First Ladies (Self (archive footage))
2020Whose Vote Counts, Explained (Self (archive footage))
2020Challenger: The Final Flight (Self (archive footage))
2020High Score (Self (archive footage))
2020Helter Skelter: An American Myth (Self (archive footage))
2020History 101 (Self (archive footage))
2019The Devil Next Door (Self(archive footage))
2019The Family (Self (archive footage))
2019Leaving Neverland (Self (archive footage) (uncredited))
2019مراسم تشییع جنازه شاه (Self (archive footage))
201888/18 (Self (archive footage))
2018Who Is America? (Self (archive footage))
2018Explained (Self (archive footage))
2017Snowfall (Self (archive footage) (uncredited))
2017Код доступа (Self)
2016Загадки века с Сергеем Медведевым (Self (archive footage))
2016The Eighties (Self (archive footage))
2016Race for the White House (Self (archive footage))
2016Der Fall Barschel (Self (archive footage))
2016Forensic Justice (Self (archive footage))
2015Narcos (Self (archive footage))
2015MLB Network Presents (Self (archive footage))
2013Het geheim van Ruud Lubbers (Self (archive footage))
2013The '80s: The Decade That Made Us (Self (archive footage))
2012Oliver Stone's Untold History of the United States (Self)
2012Secret Service Secrets (Ronald Reagan)
2012Trente ans de guerre au nom de Dieu
2011Taking the Oath: America's History From Oval Office (Self (archive footage))
2011Vito (Self (archive))
2009MLB: Baseball's Seasons (Self (archive footage))
2008Starz Inside: In the Gutter (Self (archive))
2007The Trap: What Happened to Our Dream of Freedom (Self (archive footage))
2006America's Game: The Super Bowl Champions (Self (archive footage))
2003Days That Shook the World (Self (archive footage))
2002We Get to Win This Time (Self (archive))
2002Guts and Glory (Self (archive))
2002The Century of the Self (Self (archive footage))
1999La Foi du siècle (Self (archive footage))
1996E! True Hollywood Story
1996Assassinations That Changed the World
1995Nixon ((Archive footage))
1993Thatcher: The Downing Street Years (Self)
1991Tribulation 99: Alien Anomalies Under America (Self(archive footage))
1991The Discovery Of Marilyn Monroe
1989I Don't Even Like Apple Pie... (Self (Archive Footage))
1988American Experience (Self (archive footage))
1985All Star Party for 'Dutch' Reagan (Self)
1983Not Necessarily the News (Self (archive footage))
1982American Playhouse (Self (archive footage))
1981The Killing of America (Self (archive footage))
1981Faces of Death II (Self (archive footage) (uncredited))
-The Kennedy Half Century (Self (archive footage))
1983Frontline (Self (archive footage))
1973The Dean Martin Celebrity Roasts (Self)
1972Weekend World
1971V.I.P. Schaukel (Self)
1971Great Performances (Self)
1968The Dick Cavett Show (Self - Guest)
1967The Carol Burnett Show (Self)
1963Kraft Suspense Theatre (Judge Howard R. Stimming)
1963World in Action
1962The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson (Self)
1961The Mike Douglas Show (Self - Governor of California)
1961The Dick Powell Show (Rex Kent)
1959Startime (Self – Host)
1959The DuPont Show with June Allyson (Alan Royce)
1956Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theatre (Maj. Will Sinclair)
1954The Wonderful World of Disney (Self)
1953The Oscars (Self)
1953General Electric Theater (Self - Host)
1953General Electric Theater (George)
1953General Electric Theater (Host)
1953General Electric Theater (George Carroll)
1952This Is Your Life (Self)
1952Death Valley Days (Self - Host)
1952Death Valley Days (David Glasgow Farragut)
1951Schlitz Playhouse of Stars (Doctor)
1951Schlitz Playhouse of Stars (Steve Davis)
1951Schlitz Playhouse of Stars (Lt. Paul Random)
1950Lux Video Theatre (Merle Fisher)
1950What's My Line? (Self)
1948The Ed Sullivan Show (Self)
1948Texaco Star Theater (Self)